Compasses or dividers.



c E. HAND. GOMPASSES OR DIVIDERS.

APPLICATION FILED O0T.'1, 1909. 1,008,140, Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

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G. E. HAND.

GOMPASSES 0B DIVIDERS.

APPLICATION FILED 00w. 1, 1909.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

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CHARLES EDWARD HAND, OF ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO, CANADA.

COMPASSES OR DIVIDERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. '7, 1911.

Application filed October 1, 1909. Serial No. 520,582.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES EDWARD HAND, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at the city of St. Catharines, in the county of Lincoln and Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compasses or Dividers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in compasses or dividers, particularly of that class in which disks form a part of the head or are associated therewith, and the objects of my invention are, firstly, to construct a compass or divider so that no matter in what operative position the legs thereof may be, the points will be substantially perpendicular to the work, that is parallel to each other; secondly, to construct my compass so that the same may be readily provided with an extension leg; thirdly, to provide a compass of the class described which can be made and marketed at different prices; fourthly, to provide various constructions of compass heads whereby the members co-acting with the legs for keeping the points substantially parallel to each other, will be housed within the legs, thereby giving this tool a very neat appearance, and the construction of two forms of my invention, and the use thereof will be hereinafter more particularly described, and the parts I claim as new will be pointed out in the claims forming part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a front side elevation of my preferred form of compass or divider, showing the same partly open. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the rear side of the compass shown in Fig. 1, one of the legs being in section to show internal construction. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section on the line ab, Fig. 1. Fig. 4. is a plan-view of a part of my compass or divider, with the handle removed. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the socket members in which are supported the marking elements. Fig. 6 is a plan-view of the members associated in this form of my compass or dividers with the legs for the purpose of keeping the marking elements parallel. Fig. 7 is a front side elevation of my preferred form of compass or divider, showing the same provided with an extension leg. Fig. 8 is an elevation of the rear side of my compass or divider showing the same provided with an alternative construction of head. Fig. 9 is an enlarged central longitudinal section on the line 06Z, Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 is a side-elevation of the disk used in the form of my comp-ass or divider illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the alternative form of handle used in connection with my compass illustrated in Figs. 8 to 10.

In the drawings, like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

It will of course be understood that the legs of my compass may be varied in construction according to the price at which it is desired to market the compass, but in my preferred form of invention, the legs A and B are shown with chambers C formed in the greater portion of their length, and they have solid ends D. Integrally formed with the legs A and B are disks a and I) through vwhich passes the pivot-screw E. It will be 'and the lower extremity of the solid ends D and through the body-portion of the socketmembers 2, these said socket-members are pivoted to the compass legs.

5 are cars integrally formed with the socket members, and in holes formed in these ears rest the lower ends 6 of the elastic members or rods 7 which extend up through the legs of the compass. The upper ends 8 of the said rods are held in holes (not shown) formed in the disks a and 6, directly facing each other in the head of the compass. The upper ends 8 of the said elastic rods 7 are bent in opposite directions, as will be seen upon referring to Figs. 1 and 6, as they are not supported by the same disk but by separate disks, as before set forth; and the supporting disk for the head of each rod belongs to the leg which does not house this rod. 9 is a small washer on the pivot-screw E between the disks a and 72 carrying the upper ends of the rods 7. It will of course be understood that the washer 9 is not large enough to interfere with the movement of the rod 7.

10 is the usual binding nut on the pivotscrew E, and 11 is any suitable head for the pivot screw.

Each leg is provided with an opening 12 so as to provide for the free movement of the rods 7 which operate in this opening. Upon referring to the drawings, particularly Fig. 2, it will be seen that the lower portions of the elastic members or rods 7 extend outside of the legs of the compass. These lower portions are adapted to bend to allow their lower pivoted ends 6 to move in their respective arcs of motion around the pins 4 during the manipulation of the tool. These lower portions will preferably be constructed so as to exert an outward elastic pressure by means of their lower ends 6, on each socket member 2, so as to prevent looseness between said. socket members and the legs of the compass, due to wear of the pins 4L in their bearings. The parts are so proportioned that as the legs are moved toward or away from each other, the longitudinal movement of the rods '7 within the said legs will always move the socket members around their pins a so as to maintain the marking-elements carried by said socketmembers, parallel to each other. 13 and 1a are upper and lower sockets in which are held any suitable marking elements 15. The lower portion of the ear 3 is bent into the rounded and tapering form as disclosed in Fig. 3, thus not only improving the appearance of the socket member, but also strengthening the same at this point and giving rigidity to the marking elements held therein.

= In order to provide an accurate working tool of this class, it is essential that the marking elements be held in their supports, which supports should be constructed so as to allow as little springing of the parts as possible. The described formation of the portion as forces the metal together at this point, giving the desired rigidity.

Although I show my compass in Fig. 4 without a handle, still there are times when a handle is useful, and therefore I may use a handle with this form of my compass, if desired. The handle comprises a gripping end 16, preferably hollow, secured in the arch 17 which yokes the side leaves 18 and 19 together. The side leaves 18 and 19 extend each down its associated side of the head of the compass, so as to fit against the two outer disks a and Z). As will of course be understood, the pivot-screw E passes through the side leaves 18 and 19. By means of the handle just described, or any other suitable handle, my tool can be more conveniently manipulated for certain classes of work than if it were without a handle.

Referring to Fig. 7 it will be seen that one of the marking-elements 15 is removed from its associated socket-member, and in the sockets of this socket-member is placed the extension 20 of the extension-leg 21. To the free end 22 of the extension-leg 21 is riveted a socket-member 28 provided with upper and lower sockets 24 and 25 in which is supported the marking-element 26. If desired, this marking-element may be provided with a stop-pin 27. The extension 20 may be also provided with a stop-pin 28.

Upon referring to Figs. 8 to 11 it will be seen that I illustrate my compass provided with a head constructed somewhat different from the head illustrated in my other form of compass or divider. This head is pro vided with the disks (4 and b and through these disks passes the pivot-screw E Posi tioned between the inner pair of disks a and Z2 is a disk 29 in which are held the upper ends 80 of the rods 7 The lower ends of these rods 7 are secured to the socket-members 2 after the construction before set forth. 31 is a spacing member the sides of which are cut away as shown at 32 so as not to interfere with the rods 7 This spacing member is substantially of the shape shown in Fig. 10, and the same is provided with a hole through which passes the pivotscrew E The disk 29 is provided with an extension 33 which extends up into the hol low gripping end 16, and positioned alongside of this extension 33 is an extension 34: which is formed as a part of the spacing member 31.

The parts just described may be formed integrally, and the extensions 33 and 3a are split longitudinal as shown at 2-35, so that when these extensions are housed within the gripping end 16 they will have spring contact therewith. This form of my invention must of necessity be provided with a handle, and the side leaves 18 and 19 carried by the gripping end 16 are each provided with longitudinal slots 0 and (Z from which extend, in opposite directions, the slots 0 and j. The outer disk of each pair of disks (4 and b is provided with a pin g riveted thereto. The pin g of the outer disk 6 operates in the slot f of the side leaf 19 and it will of course be understood that the pin 9 carried by the outer disk (4 operates in the slot 0 of the said side leaf 1S this latter-described construction is not illustrated, because it is identical to the construction illustrated showing one of the pins 9 in the slot f. The pivot-screw E passes through the longitudinal slots 0 and (Z, and as the pins 9 operate in their respective slots 6 and f, when the compass legs are moved, the handle of the compass is moved, thus moving the pivotscrew E longitudinal of the slots 0 and (Z. These relative movements through the medium of the disk 29 and its extension 83 cause the rods 7 to move their associated socket members around their pivot-points so as to keep the marking-elements parallel. The upper ends 30 of the rods 7 are both bent in the same direction, as these rods are attached to the disk 29 on the same side. The pivot-screw E passes through a washer 36 which is interposed between the binding nut and the side leaf 18 While I have described what I consider to be the best embodiment of my invention, I desire it to be understood that the principles can be embodied in different forms, and I desire not to be limited beyond the requirements of the prior art, and the terms of my claims.

In order to prevent movement of the eX tension 20 of the extension leg 21 in the sockets 13 and 14: housing this leg, it will be noticed that the stop-pin 28 rests in a notch 50 formed in its associated socket 13, thus keying the extension-leg in its bearings and so preventing rotary movement of the extension 20. If desired, this construction may be employed in mounting the marking-element 26 in the socket-member 23.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In a compass or divider, the combination of a pair of legs each integrally provided at its upper end with disks spaced apart, one disk of each leg being positioned between the disks of the other leg; a pivot uniting said disks; a rod associated with each of said legs, the upper end of each rod being bent so as to have pivotal connection with one of the disks forming part of the opposite leg, and a marking element pivoted to the lower end of each of the said legs, with which has pivotal connection the lower end of the rod supported by the leg supporting said marking element, as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a compass or divider, the combination of two chambered legs each provided with an opening, the upper ends of both legs being pivotally united to form the head; marking elements pivoted to the lower ends of the said legs, and a member, mountedwithin each of the said legs, having its upper end pivoted to said head, and passing through the opening formed in its associated leg near the mouth of which opening it is supported between its ends; each of the said members being pivoted to its proper one of the said marking elements, as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a compass or divider, the combination of two chambered legs each provided in its upper side with an opening, and being further provided with two disks spaced apart, one disk of each leg being positioned between the disks of the other leg and against its adjacent disk, so as to leave a space between the middle pairs of disks; a pivot uniting said disks; a washer mount-- ed on said pivot screw between the innermost pair of disks; marking elements pivoted to the lower ends of said legs, and a rod housed within each of said legs and each extending through its proper opening, the upper end of each of the said rods being pivoted to one of the disks forming part of the opposite leg, and being positioned in the said space between the middle pairs of disks, and the lower ends of said rods being pivoted each to its marking element, as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a compass or divider, the combination of two chambered legs each provided in its upper side with an opening, and being further provided with two disks spaced apart, one disk of each leg being positioned between the disks of the other leg and against its adjacent disk, so as to leave a space between the middle pairs of disks; a pivot screw passing through said disks; socket members, each provided with an ear spaced apart from the socket member; the ends of each of said legs held in place between a socket member and its ear; pins passing through said ears and socket members and the end of the leg held therebetween to pivot said socket members each to its associated leg; each of the said socket members being provided with sockets positioned one above the other and in alinement; a rod housed within each of said legs and extending through its proper opening, the upper end of each of the said rods being pivoted to one of the disks forming part of the opposite leg, and being positioned in the said space between the middle pairs of disks, and the lower ends of said rods being pivoted each to its socket member, as and for the purpose specified.

5. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of legs united by a pivot in their upper ends; a marking element pivoted to the lower end of each leg; a flexible rod associated with each of the said legs, said rods having their upper and lower ends bent to provide pivotal connections, respectively, with the upper ends of the said legs eccentric to the pivotal point therefor, and with the said marking elements; each of the said rods between its ends being slidably bound to its respective leg so that each is adapted to bend to allow its lower end to move in its arc of mot-ion around the pivotal point for its marking element.

6. As a new article of manufacture, an integrally formed socket member for a compass or divider, consisting of a body portion provided at each end thereof with a socket, said sockets projecting beyond one side of the body portion, and further provided with a pierced ear at one edge thereof substantially intermediate said sockets, and a pierced ear formed on the lower end of said socket member and spaced apart therefrom, and extending in a direction substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of said socket member.

7. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of tubular legs each provided in its outer edge with an opening; a pivot in the upper ends of said legs for uniting them; a marking element pivoted to the lower end of each leg; a flexible rod associated with each of the said legs in such a manner that the upper portion of each rod is housed within its respective leg, and the lower portion thereof extends through the said opening formed in its respective leg; said rods having their upper and lower ends bent to provide pivotal connection respectively with the upper ends of the said legs eccentric to the pivotal point therefor, and with the said marking elements, the lower exposed portion of each of the said rods being adapted to bend to allow its lower end to move in its respective arc of motion around the pivotal point for said marking element, as and for the purpose specified.

8. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of chambered legs each having disklike heads, a disk of each leg positioned between the disks of the opposite leg; a pivot uniting said heads; marking elements pivoted to the lower ends of the said legs; a link mounted within each leg and each link having its lower end bent to provide pivotal connection with the marking element on the leg with which it is associated, and each of said links having its upper end piv oted to the inner disk-head of the opposite leg at a point eccentric to the uniting pivot; so that as the legs are moved the marking elements will be held parallel.

9. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of chambered legs united by a pivot in the upper ends thereof; means on the said pivot for spacing the upper ends of the legs apart marking elements pivoted to the lower ends of the said legs; a link mounted within each leg and passing out through an opening in the side of the said leg, each link having its lower end bent to provide pivotal connection with the marking element on the leg with which it is associated, and each link also having its upper end pivoted to the upper end of the opposite leg at a point eccentric to the uniting pivot so that when the legs are moved the marking elements will be held parallel.

10. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of chambered legs each provided with an opening in the side thereof, a pivot uniting the upper ends of the said legs; marking elements pivotally attached to the lower ends of the said legs; a link mounted within each leg the lower end of each link passing out through the opening in the side of its associated leg, and pivotally connected to the marking element on said leg and the upper end-of each link pivoted to the upper end of the opposite leg at a point eccentric to the uniting pivot so that as the legs are moved the marking elements will be held parallel.

11. In a compass or divider a pair of chambered legs, the upper ends of both of the said legs pivotally united to form the head; a marking element pivotally attached to the lower end of each of the said legs, a flexible link associated with and partly housed within each of the said legs, each of said links passing out through and opening in its associated leg and pivotally connected with the marking element on said leg, each of said links being supported between its ends by contact with its associated leg near the mouth of the said opening, and adapted to bend to allow its ends to move in their required arcs of motion, and means associating the upper ends of the links with the said head so that as the legs are moved the marking elements will be held parallel.

12. As a new article of manufacture, a socket for a compass or divider consisting of a plate, having a portion of its lower end bent into a rounded and tapering form and provided with an ear to form a back support, an ear formed on one edge of said plate and a socket formed of a portion of said plate bent into a loop projecting from the side of the said plate opposite to the side from which the rounded or tapering part projects.

13. As a new article of manufacture, an integrally formed socket member consisting of a body portion having a portion of its lower end bent into substantially a rounded and tapering form and provided with a pierced ear to form a back support; a pierced ear formed on said body portion, and at one side thereof, and sockets formed on said body portion, one at the lower end thereof and one at the upper end thereof, both being in alinement, and projecting beyond the side of said body portion opposite that beyond which said rounded and tapering portion extends.

14. In a compass or divider a pair of legs, the upper ends of both of said legs pivotally united to form the head, marking elements pivotally attached to the lower ends of said legs, a flexible link associated with each leg, each link having pivotal connection with the marking element on its associated leg, a loop integrally formed with each leg surrounding the link associated with said leg whereby said link is slidably bound to and supported between its ends by its associated leg, the links being adapted to bend to allow their ends to move in their required arcs of motion, and means associating the upper ends of the links with the said head so that as the legs are moved the marking elements will be held parallel.

15. A compass or divider consisting of a pair of chambered legs, each provided with an opening; a pivot uniting the upper ends of said legs; marking elements pivoted to the lower ends of said legs, a link mounted Within each leg and connected by a pivot, integrally formed With the said link, to the head of the opposite leg at a point eccentric to the uniting pivot, each link also pivotally connected to the marking element on the leg With which it is associated, so that as 10 the legs are moved the marking element will be held parallel.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES EDWARD HAND. Witnesses:

HENRY OLOUGHLIN, JANs FUERMINGER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

